Hyperthyroidism

What is Hyperthyroidism?

Hyperthyroidism is a condition where the thyroid gland produces excess thyroid hormones, which can accelerate your body's metabolism, causing a range of symptoms.

Common symptoms:

Weight loss, despite increased appetite
Rapid heartbeat or palpitations
Nervousness, anxiety, or irritability
Fatigue or muscle weakness
Heat intolerance
Increased sweating
Tremors or shakiness

Changes in menstrual cycle (women)

Causes

Iodine deficiency: Most common cause worldwide.
Thyroid inflammation: Due to autoimmune disorders or infections.
Thyroid nodules or cancer: Can cause localized enlargement.
Hormonal changes: During pregnancy or puberty.

Symptoms

Many thyroid nodules don't cause symptoms and are found during routine exams or imaging tests.

Graves' disease: An autoimmune disorder that stimulates the thyroid gland.
Thyroid nodules: Abnormal growths that can produce excess thyroid hormones.
Thyroiditis: Inflammation of the thyroid gland, causing temporary hyperthyroidism.
Excessive iodine intake: Consuming too much iodine can stimulate the thyroid gland.

Treatment options:

Medications: Antithyroid medications (e.g., methimazole) to reduce thyroid hormone production.
Radioactive iodine: To destroy part of the thyroid gland and reduce hormone production.
Surgery: Thyroidectomy (removal of part or all of the thyroid gland).
Beta blockers: To manage symptoms like rapid heartbeat and tremors.

Complications if left untreated:

Heart problems (arrhythmias, heart failure)
Osteoporosis
Thyroid storm (life-threatening exacerbation of hyperthyroidism)

Management tips:

Regular follow-ups with your healthcare provider.
Adhering to medication regimens.
Lifestyle adjustments (e.g., stress management, balanced diet).

How is it diagnosed?

How is it diagnosed?

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