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FALL

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Acute

What is Fall ?

Falls are a common and serious health concern among older adults. They can lead to injury, loss of independence, and even death. Falls are not a normal part of aging, and many can be prevented with proper interventions.

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Complaints

  • Fractures (hip, wrist, spine)
  • Head injuries, including traumatic brain injury
  • Prolonged immobility leading to bedsores, pneumonia, or deep vein thrombosis
  • Loss of confidence and fear of falling again
  • Functional decline and reduced independence
  • Increased risk of institutionalization and mortality

Causes

  • Poor balance or muscle weakness
  • Vision or hearing impairments
  • Chronic conditions (e.g., arthritis, stroke, dementia)
  • Medications (sedatives, antihypertensives, psychotropics)
  • Environmental hazards (slippery floors, poor lighting, loose rugs)
  • Foot problems or inappropriate footwear

Prevention

  • Regular physical activity to improve strength and balance
  • Medication review and management
  • Routine eye and hearing checks
  • Home safety modifications (grab bars, adequate lighting, clutter removal)
  • Use of assistive devices when needed
  • Proper nutrition and hydration

Risk Factors

  • History of previous falls
  • Muscle weakness or gait problems
  • Cognitive impairment or dementia
  • Multiple medications (polypharmacy)
  • Chronic illnesses
  • Poor vision or hearing

Treatment

  • Immediate medical attention for injuries
  • Fall risk assessment and tailored interventions
  • Physical therapy for strength and balance training
  • Occupational therapy to enhance daily function and safety
  • Addressing underlying medical conditions
  • Use of mobility aids if necessary
  • Counselling or support to address fear of falling

How is it diagnosed?

How is it diagnosed?
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