Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)

Acute

What is Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)

Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) occur when bacteria enter the urinary system, causing infection and inflammation. UTIs can affect any part of the urinary system, including the kidneys, bladder, ureters, and urethra.

Symptoms

  • Painful urination (dysuria)
  • Frequent urination
  • Urgent need to urinate
  • Cloudy or strong-smelling urine
  • Blood in the urine (hematuria)
  • Pelvic pain or discomfort
  • Fever and chills (in severe cases)

Complaints

  • Discomfort or pain while urinating
  • Increased frequency of urination
  • Nocturia (waking up multiple times to urinate)
  • Urinary incontinence
  • Abdominal pain or discomfort

Causes

  • Escherichia coli (E. coli)
  • Staphylococcus saprophyticus
  • Klebsiella pneumoniae
  • Enterococcus faecalis

Risk Factors

  • Women (due to shorter urethra)
  • Pregnant women
  • Individuals with urinary tract abnormalities
  • People with weakened immune systems
  • Those with a history of UTIs

Prevention

  • Drink plenty of water
  • Urinate when needed
  • Practice good hygiene
  • Wipe correctly after using the bathroom
  • Avoid using scented soaps or bubble baths

Diagnosis

  • Urinalysis (urine test)
  • Urine culture
  • Imaging studies (e.g., ultrasound, CT scan)

Treatment

  • Antibiotics (e.g., trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin)
  • Pain relief medication
  • Increased fluid intake
  • Urinary tract analgesics

How is it diagnosed?

How is it diagnosed?

In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary to manage complications, such as sepsis or kidney damage.

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