Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

Acute

What is Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) ?

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) is a non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate gland, common in older men. It can cause urinary symptoms and affect quality of life.

Symptoms

  • Frequent urination
  • Urgent need to urinate
  • Nocturia (waking up multiple times to urinate)
  • Weak or interrupted urine flow
  • Straining to urinate
  • Incomplete bladder emptying

Complaints

  • Discomfort or pain while urinating
  • Difficulty starting or stopping urine flow
  • Feeling of incomplete bladder emptying
  • Urinary tract infections (UTIs)

Causes

  • Hormonal changes (increase in dihydrotestosterone)
  • Aging
  • Genetic predisposition

Risk Factors

  • Older men (over 50)
  • Family history of BPH
  • Obesity
  • Sedentary lifestyle

Prevention

  • Regular exercise
  • Balanced diet
  • Healthy weight
  • Stress management

Diagnosis

  • Digital rectal examination (DRE)
  • Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test
  • Urodynamic studies (e.g., uroflowmetry)
  • Imaging studies (e.g., ultrasound)

Treatment

  • Watchful waiting (monitoring symptoms)
  • Medications (e.g., alpha-blockers, 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors)
  • Minimally invasive procedures (e.g., transurethral microwave therapy)
  • Surgery (e.g., transurethral resection of the prostate)
  • Lifestyle modifications (e.g., fluid management, bladder training)

How is it diagnosed?

How is it diagnosed?

Treatment goals focus on alleviating symptoms, improving quality of life, and preventing complications.

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