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Prostate Cancer

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Acute

What is Prostate Cancer ?

Prostate cancer is a type of cancer that occurs in the prostate gland, a small walnut-sized gland in men that produces fluid that makes up semen. It's one of the most common types of cancer in men.

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Symptoms

Common symptoms of prostate cancer include:
  • Difficulty urinating
  • Frequent urination
  • Nocturia (waking up multiple times to urinate)
  • Blood in urine or semen
  • Painful urination or ejaculation
  • Weak or interrupted urine flow

Complaints

Patients with prostate cancer may complain of:
  • Discomfort or pain while urinating
  • Increased frequency or urgency of urination
  • Nocturia
  • Erectile dysfunction
  • Pain in the lower back, hips, or pelvis

Causes

The exact causes of prostate cancer are unknown, but certain factors may increase the risk:
  • Age (risk increases with age)
  • Family history of prostate cancer
  • Genetic mutations (e.g., BRCA1 and BRCA2)
  • Ethnicity (African American men have a higher risk)
  • Diet (high-fat diet may increase risk)

Risk Factors

Certain individuals are more susceptible to prostate cancer, including:
  • Older men (over 50)
  • Men with family history of prostate cancer
  • African American men
  • Men with certain genetic mutations

Prevention

While prevention is not always possible, maintaining a healthy lifestyle can reduce the risk:
  • Eating a balanced diet
  • Exercising regularly
  • Maintaining a healthy weight
  • Getting regular check-ups and screenings

Diagnosis

Diagnosis typically involves:
  • Digital rectal examination (DRE)
  • Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test
  • Biopsy (if cancer is suspected)
  • Imaging studies (e.g., ultrasound, MRI)

Treatment

Treatment options depend on the stage and severity of the cancer:
  • Active surveillance (monitoring the cancer)
  • Surgery (e.g., prostatectomy)
  • Radiation therapy
  • Hormone therapy
  • Chemotherapy
  • Targeted therapy

How is it diagnosed?

How is it diagnosed?
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