GOITRE

What is Goitre?

Goitre refers to the enlargement of the thyroid gland, which can be caused by various factors. Here's a brief overview:

Types of Goitre:

Simple goitre: Enlargement without any known cause.
Endemic goitre: Caused by iodine deficiency in certain regions.
Toxic goitre: Enlargement with hyperthyroidism (excess thyroid hormones).
Non-toxic goitre: Enlargement without thyroid hormone imbalance.

Causes

Patients with ureteric stones may complain of:

Iodine deficiency: Most common cause worldwide.
Thyroid inflammation: Due to autoimmune disorders or infections.
Thyroid nodules or cancer: Can cause localized enlargement.
Hormonal changes: During pregnancy or puberty.

Symptoms

Many thyroid nodules don't cause symptoms and are found during routine exams or imaging tests.

Swelling in the neck: Visible or palpable enlargement.
Difficulty swallowing: Large goitres can compress the esophagus.
Hoarseness: Compression of the vocal cords or nerves.
Thyroid hormone imbalance: Depending on the underlying cause.

Treatment

Iodine supplements: For iodine deficiency-related goitre.
Thyroid hormone medication: To suppress TSH and reduce gland size.
Surgery: To remove part or all of the thyroid gland.
Monitoring: Regular check-ups for non-toxic goitres.

Prevention:

Adequate iodine intake: Use iodized salt and consume iodine-rich foods.
Regular thyroid check-ups: Especially during pregnancy or puberty.

How is it diagnosed?

How is it diagnosed?

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