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Hyperparathyroidism

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What is Hyperparathyroidism?

Hyperparathyroidism is a condition where one or more parathyroid glands become overactive, producing excess parathyroid hormone (PTH). This hormone regulates calcium levels in the blood.

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Types/ causes

  • Primary hyperparathyroidism: Most common type, often caused by a benign tumor (adenoma) or hyperplasia (overgrowth) of one or more parathyroid glands, or parathyroid cancer.
  • Secondary hyperparathyroidism: Typically occurs in response to vitamin D deficiency, kidney disease, or low calcium levels.
  • Tertiary hyperparathyroidism: Develops in some people with secondary hyperparathyroidism, often due to prolonged kidney disease.

Symptoms:

  • Lump or swelling in the neck
  • Difficulty swallowing
  • Hoarseness or voice changes
  • Pain in the neck or throat

Symptoms

  • Hypercalcemia: High calcium levels, causing fatigue, weakness, and bone pain.
  • Kidney stones: Recurrent stones or kidney damage.
  • Bone loss: Osteoporosis or bone thinning.
  • Digestive issues: Nausea, vomiting, constipation.

Diagnosis:

  • Blood tests: Elevated calcium and PTH levels.
  • Imaging tests: Ultrasound, 4DCT, or sestamibi scans to localize the affected parathyroid gland.
Complications if left untreated:
  • Kidney damage: Prolonged high calcium levels can harm kidney function.
  • Bone disease: Osteoporosis or osteopenia.
  • Cardiovascular issues: Potential increased risk of cardiovascular disease.

Treatment

Depends on the type of hyperparathyroidism
  • Surgery (parathyroidectomy): Removing affected gland(s), the treatment of choice in primary and tertiary hyperparathyroidism.
Benefits of surgery:
  • Normalize calcium levels.
  • Improve bone density.
  • Reduce kidney stone risk.

How is it diagnosed?

How is it diagnosed?

While these measures may help reduce the risk, it's essential to consult with am Endocrine surgeon for personalized advice.

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Consult with experienced Doctors

MGMCH is home to some of the most eminent doctors in the world, most of whom are pioneers in their respective arenas and are renowned for developing
innovative and revolutionary procedures

  • Management Team
    Dr. Sapana Bothra Jain

    Professor & HOD

    Experience8years

    QualificationMBBS, MS (General surgery), MCh Endocrine and Breast Surgery (SGPGIMS Lucknow)

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