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Shingles

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Acute

What is Shingles ?

Shingles, also known as herpes zoster, is a viral infection caused by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), the same virus responsible for chickenpox. It leads to a painful rash, typically appearing on one side of the body, and is more common in older adults, especially those with weakened immune systems.

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Symptoms

  • Pain, burning, or tingling in a specific area of the skin, often before the rash appears
  • A red, blistering rash that usually appears on one side of the body or face
  • Fever, headache, chills, and fatigue
  • Itching or sensitivity in the affected area
  • Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN): Persistent pain in the affected area even after the rash has healed (common in older adults)

Complications

  • Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN)A condition where nerve pain persists after the rash has healed, often lasting months or even years.
  • Vision loss If shingles affects the eye (ophthalmic shingles), it can lead to permanent vision loss.
  • Bacterial infections Secondary bacterial infections can occur if the rash becomes infected.
  • Neurological issues In rare cases, shingles can lead to encephalitis or meningitis.

Causes

  • Reactivation of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) After an individual recovers from chickenpox, the virus remains dormant in the nervous system and can reactivate later in life, typically when the immune system is weakened due to aging, stress, or illness.

Prevention

  • Vaccination The shingles vaccine (e.g., Shingrix) is recommended for adults aged 50 and older to reduce the risk of developing shingles and postherpetic neuralgia.
  • Healthy lifestyle Maintaining a strong immune system through regular exercise, healthy eating, and stress management can lower the risk of reactivation.
  • Avoiding close contact with pregnant individuals or people who have not had chickenpox until the shingles rash has crusted over, as it can cause chickenpox in those without immunity.

Risk factor

  • Previous history of chickenpox Anyone who has had chickenpox is at risk, as the virus remains dormant in the body.
  • Stress or trauma Physical or emotional stress can contribute to reactivation of the virus.
  • Age The risk increases with age, particularly in individuals over 50.
  • Weakened immune system Conditions like HIV/AIDS, cancer, or treatments like chemotherapy or immunosuppressive drugs can increase the risk.

Treatment

  • Can visit a Geriatrician For older adults, to assess initial diagnosis, prescribing antivirals, overall health, prevent complications, and manage postherpetic neuralgia

How is it diagnosed?

How is it diagnosed?
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