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Diabetes

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Acute

What is Diabetes ?

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels (hyperglycemia) due to either insufficient insulin production or ineffective use of insulin by the body. It is a major global health concern, associated with serious complications if not properly managed.

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Symptoms

  • Increased thirst and frequent urination
  • Extreme hunger
  • Unexplained weight loss
  • Fatigue
  • Blurred vision
  • Slow-healing sores or frequent infections
  • Numbness or tingling in hands or feet (especially in type 2 diabetes)

Complications

  • Cardiovascular disease (heart attack, stroke)
  • Kidney damage (diabetic nephropathy)
  • Eye damage (diabetic retinopathy leading to blindness)
  • Nerve damage (diabetic neuropathy)
  • Foot problems (infections, ulcers, amputations)
  • Increased risk of infections

Prevention

  • Healthy diet Focus on fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins.
  • Regular physical activity At least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise per week.
  • Weight management Maintaining a healthy weight significantly reduces the risk of type 2 diabetes.
  • Regular screening Especially for individuals at high risk.

Risk factor

  • Family history of diabetes
  • Overweight or obesity
  • Sedentary lifestyle
  • High blood pressure or high cholesterol
  • History of gestational diabetes
  • Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

Management

Specialist consultation

  • Geriatrician for elderly patients to balance diabetes control with minimizing hypoglycemia risks, prevent and early detection of complications.
  • Dietitian for nutrition counseling

How is it diagnosed?

How is it diagnosed?
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