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Central Nervous System (CNS) Infections

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Acute

What are CNS Infections ?

CNS infections are infection of Brain (Encephalitis) or Surrounding leptome meninges (Meningitis) or both brain and meninges (Meningoencephalitis) or infective space occupying lesions like brain abscess or tuberculoma.

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Symptoms

  • Fever
  • Headache
  • Vomiting
  • Weakness in a body part
  • Convulsions
  • Altered consciousness and sensorium
  • Altered behaviour

Complications

  • Raised intracranial pressure
  • Loss of vision or hearing
  • Chronic headache
  • Brain abscess
  • Focal neurological deficit
  • Memory impairment

Common Causes

  • Bacterial: Pneumococcus, Tubercular, Haemophilus influenzae, Listeria
  • Viral: Varicella, Herpes simplex, Enterovirus
  • Fungal: Aspergillosis, Cryptococcosis, Mucormycosis
  • Parasitic: Free-living amoeba, Neurocysticercosis

Risk Factors

  • Immunocompromised state: Steroid therapy, cancer, organ transplant, HIV, diabetes
  • Head trauma
  • Ear infections
  • Chronic sinus infections
  • Alcoholism

How is it diagnosed?

How is it diagnosed?
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