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Delirium

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Acute

What is Delirium ?

Delirium is a sudden change in the way a person thinks and acts. It causes confusion, trouble paying attention, and unusual behavior. It can come on quickly, usually over a few hours or days, and is often a sign that something is wrong with the body.

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Symptoms

  • Sudden confusion or not knowing where they are
  • Trouble focusing or thinking clearly
  • Talking in a way that doesn’t make sense
  • Seeing or hearing things that aren’t there (hallucinations)
  • Being very restless or unusually sleepy
  • Sudden mood changes

Complications

Delirium can lead to:

  • Falls or accidents due to confusion and poor balance
  • Missing treatments or not telling others when they feel sick
  • Longer stays in the hospital and slower healing
  • Not eating or drinking enough, which makes them weaker
  • Worsening memory or thinking, especially in older people
  • Stress for family and caregivers
  • Serious illness or even death if not treated quickly

Causes

  • Infections like pneumonia or urine infection
  • Side effects of medications
  • Dehydration or not eating enough
  • Recent surgery or being in the hospital
  • Pain or a serious illness
  • Alcohol or drug withdrawal
  • Problems like constipation or trouble peeing

Risk Factors (Who is more likely to get it):

  • Older adults, especially those over 65
  • People with memory problems or dementia
  • Those who are very sick or had recent surgery
  • People taking many medications
  • Vision or hearing problems

Treatment

  • Seek expert medical help to find and treat the underlying cause (such as infection, dehydration, pain, or medication side effects)
  • Healthcare professionals will work to keep the person calm and comfortable in a safe environment
  • Use clear, simple communication and gently remind the person where they are and what is happening
  • Doctors may adjust or stop certain medications that could be worsening confusion
  • Involve family members to provide reassurance and support during recovery

How is it diagnosed?

How is it diagnosed?
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